Technology stack

A technology stack refers to the combination of technologies, platforms, and protocols required to operate complex digital systems such as smart buildings and IoT-based infrastructures. The stack encompasses all layers of a solution – from hardware like sensors and actuators to software and cloud-based data processing.

A typical smart building technology stack consists of several layers. The first layer is the hardware, which includes devices such as sensors (e.g., presence or environmental sensors), actuators, and gateways. These devices gather data and act as an interface to the physical environment. The next layer consists of communication protocols like Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), ZigBee, or LoRa, enabling seamless and energy-efficient data transmission within mesh networks. Additionally, an IoT platform aggregates and processes this data – often in real time. The stack is completed by software solutions, such as AI systems for data analysis and automation, along with user interfaces like apps and dashboards.

Typical use cases for a technology stack in smart buildings include energy optimization, demand-driven room control, and asset tracking. For example, the stack allows for automated adjustment of lighting and heating based on presence data or intelligent control of security systems. Integrating all layers creates a robust, flexible, and scalable system that meets the needs of modern building complexes.

Beyond the basic functions, the technology stack is often extended through Over-the-Air (OTA) updates to simplify the control and maintenance of existing systems. This feature ensures the infrastructure is continuously updated without the need for physical interventions on-site.

A well-designed technology stack is crucial for the efficiency and functionality of intelligent buildings. It ensures seamless integration of all components, supports innovative applications, and enables sustainable as well as secure building operations.